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  • Title: The effect of systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide on cerebral haemodynamics and oxygenation in the 0.65 gestation ovine fetus in utero.
    Author: Peebles DM, Miller S, Newman JP, Scott R, Hanson MA.
    Journal: BJOG; 2003 Aug; 110(8):735-43. PubMed ID: 12892685.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of intravenous lipopolysaccharide on systemic and cerebral haemodynamics and oxygenation in the preterm ovine fetus. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Research centre for perinatal brain injury. SAMPLE: Nine fetal sheep at circa 93 days of gestation (0.65). METHODS: Fetal sheep were chronically instrumented with arterial and venous catheters and a flow probe in the carotid artery. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure changes in cerebral oxygenation and total haemoglobin concentration. Three days after surgery, each fetus was given 100 ng/kg Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Observations were continued for 48 hours post-injection and compared with baseline control values. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fetal heart rate, mean arterial pressure, carotid blood flow. RESULTS: Three fetuses died after administration of the lipopolysaccharide. In the survivors fetal heart rate rose from 193 (SEM 7) to a mean maximal level of 226 (SEM 31 bpm) (P = 0.01) after 6.5 (SEM 1.0) hours. The mean arterial pressure decreased from 40.5 (SEM 4.2) to 29.4 (SEM 1.6) mmHg (P < 0.05) after 7.0 (SEM 2.0) hours, and carotid blood flow increased from 29.6 (SEM 1.6) to 45.8 (SEM 5.7) mL/min (P = 0.0002) at 12 (SEM 3) hours. All values returned to control levels by 48 hours. Histological assessment showed evidence of periventricular leucomalacia in three out of six brains studied. CONCLUSION: These data do not suggest that cerebral ischaemia is the main aetiological factor in endotoxin-related fetal brain injury. Fetal tachycardia and cerebral vasodilation may indicate endotoxaemia in fetuses exposed to prenatal infection.
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