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  • Title: Oral cyclophosphamide for treatment of pemphigus vulgaris and foliaceus.
    Author: Cummins DL, Mimouni D, Anhalt GJ, Nousari CH.
    Journal: J Am Acad Dermatol; 2003 Aug; 49(2):276-80. PubMed ID: 12894077.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating adjuvant used in refractory cases of pemphigus. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral cyclophosphamide in the treatment of patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) with refractory disease. PATIENTS: We studied 23 patients with pemphigus (20 with PV; 3 with PF) who failed to achieve clinical remissions with the use of prednisone and antimetabolites. RESULTS: Complete remission was achieved in 17 patients with PV and 2 with PF. A total of 3 patients with PV failed therapy. A partial remission was achieved in 1 patient with PF. The treatment was administered for a median duration of 17 months with a follow-up period of 27 months. The median time to complete remission was 8.5 months. A total of 9 patients who were severely affected received concomitant plasma exchange. Adverse reactions included 5 cases of hematuria, 6 nonlife-threatening infections, and the development of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder 15 years after discontinuation of cyclophosphamide in 1 patient. No death was associated with cyclophosphamide treatment. CONCLUSION: Oral cyclophosphamide is an effective adjuvant in the treatment of severe and refractory PV and PF, but requires close monitoring.
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