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  • Title: Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A as a marker of respiratory distress in forensic pathology: assessment of the immunohistochemical and biochemical findings.
    Author: Maeda H, Fujita MQ, Zhu BL, Ishida K, Quan L, Oritani S, Taniguchi M.
    Journal: Leg Med (Tokyo); 2003 Mar; 5 Suppl 1():S318-21. PubMed ID: 12935621.
    Abstract:
    The aim of the present study was to review the immunohistochemical and biochemical findings with reference to the causes of death in routine casework (total, n=492). In the immunohistochemistry (n=283), an increase in intra-alveolar granular SP-A (SP-A score) was often observed in asphyxiation (n=21/34, 61.8%) and freshwater drowning (n=15/24, 62.5%), and also in fire and methamphetamine (MA) fatalities (n=22/76, 28.9% and n=5/16, 31.3%). Serum SP-A level (n=134) was elevated in acute respiratory distress syndrome and in some cases of drowning, fire and MA fatalities, hyperthermia and chest traumas. A quantitative analysis of SP-A subclass-gene expression (SP-A1/A2 mRNA) in the lung tissue specimens (n=126) revealed an increase in the SP-A1/A2 mRNA ratio in asphyxiation (n=17/21, 80.9%), freshwater drowning (n=7/9, 77.7%), fire and MA fatalities (n=20/35, 57.1% and n=8/10, 80.0%). These findings suggested the usefulness of SP-A as a marker of asphyxiation, respiratory distress and alveolar injury.
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