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  • Title: Anatomic brain abnormalities in monozygotic twins discordant for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
    Author: Castellanos FX, Sharp WS, Gottesman RF, Greenstein DK, Giedd JN, Rapoport JL.
    Journal: Am J Psychiatry; 2003 Sep; 160(9):1693-6. PubMed ID: 12944348.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: To examine brain-behavior relationships in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the authors obtained magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of monozygotic twins discordant for ADHD. METHOD: National recruitment was followed by in-person assessment. MRI scans were measured algorithmically for nine pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for ADHD. RESULTS: The affected twins had significantly smaller caudate volumes (mean difference=-0.56 ml, CI=-0.92 to -0.21) than their unaffected co-twins. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide further support for striatal models of ADHD pathophysiology.
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