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  • Title: Characterization of water-in-crude oil emulsions in oil spill response.
    Author: Wei QF, Mather RR, Fotheringham AF, Yang RD.
    Journal: J Environ Sci (China); 2003 Jul; 15(4):506-9. PubMed ID: 12974312.
    Abstract:
    The formation of water-in-crude oil emulsions occurs when crude oils are spilled into sea. The water-in-crude oil emulsions significantly change the properties of the spilled crude oils and in turn influence the choices made relating to oil spill countermeasures. The water-in-crude oil emulsions were characterized using various techniques in this study. The environmental scanning electron microscopy observation of water droplets in the emulsions is also presented. It is a powerful tool in emulsion observations.
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