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  • Title: Akathisia, suicidality, and fluoxetine.
    Author: Hamilton MS, Opler LA.
    Journal: J Clin Psychiatry; 1992 Nov; 53(11):401-6. PubMed ID: 1364815.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: The propose link between fluoxetine and suicidal ideation is explained by fluoxetine-induced akathisia and other dysphoric extrapyramidal reactions. METHOD: The following literature is reviewed: (1) the subjective response of schizophrenics to akathisia, including evidence that akathisia gives rise to suicidal ideation; (2) the subjective reports of patients taking fluoxetine; and (3) preclinical studies describing the role of serotonin in the extrapyramidal system and suggesting a mechanism whereby fluoxetine can induce extrapyramidal side effects. RESULTS: The literature suggests that fluoxetine-induced extrapyramidal reactions may be a mediator of de novo suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION: We propose a syndrome which we name Extrapyramidal-Induced Dysphoric Reactions, one extreme manifestation of which is the emergence of suicidal ideation. We further propose a heuristic "Four Neuron Model of the Extrapyramidal Motor System" in which increased serotonin activity, by inhibiting the nigrostriatal dopamine tract, is capable of inducing extrapyramidal side effects.
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