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  • Title: Robotic method for the analysis of morphine and codeine in urine.
    Author: Vidal DL, Ting EJ, Perez SL, Taylor RW, Le SD.
    Journal: J Forensic Sci; 1992 Sep; 37(5):1283-94. PubMed ID: 1402753.
    Abstract:
    A totally automated procedure has been developed for the detection and quantitation of morphine and codeine in urine case samples. The samples were initially screened for these drugs by a Syva EMIT Toxicology System (ETS). A Zymate laboratory robotic system confirms positive samples from Syva ETS by performing the hydrolysis, extraction, and derivatization of morphine and codeine. The derivatized morphine and codeine were detected using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were experimentally optimized during method development. The automation of these procedures has proven to be reliable and efficient.
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