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  • Title: An experimental apparatus for the simulation of three-dimensional movements in orthodontics.
    Author: Bourauel C, Drescher D, Thier M.
    Journal: J Biomed Eng; 1992 Sep; 14(5):371-8. PubMed ID: 1405553.
    Abstract:
    An apparatus for the study of three-dimensional force systems and the resulting movements during orthodontic treatment is presented. The instrument consists of two force-torque transducers which are capable of recording both forces and torques simultaneously, in all spatial directions. Each sensor has a measuring range of 15N (450 Nmm) and a resolution of 0.02 N (0.5 Nmm) and is mounted on a set of three translational and three rotational stages driven by stepping motors. Positioning accuracy is in the range of 1 micron and 0.01 degrees respectively. The apparatus is computer controlled and supported by comprehensive software.
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