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  • Title: NICOTINIC ACID ANALOGS: EFFECTS ON RESPONSE OF CHICK EMBRYOS AND HENS TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE TOXICANTS.
    Author: ROGER JC, CHAMBERS H, CASIDA JE.
    Journal: Science; 1964 May 01; 144(3618):539-40. PubMed ID: 14194099.
    Abstract:
    Embryonic abnormalities are known to be induced in chick embryos when they are injected with certain organophosphate insecticides prior to incubation. The marked teratogenic effects of Bidrin [3-(dimethoxyphosphinyloxy) N, N-dimethyl-cis-crotonamide] can be alleviated by many analogs of nicotinamide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Successive hydroxylation and N-dealkylation of Bidrin in the egg are not greatly altered by injection of nicotinamide. The delayed neurotoxicity in adult hens after administering tri-o-cresyl phosphate is also partially relieved by administering certain nicotinamide analogs.
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