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  • Title: Synergism of environmental carcinogens and promoters on bladder cancer development initiated by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine in F344 rats.
    Author: Ono S, Kurata Y, Shichino Y, Sano M, Fukushima S.
    Journal: Jpn J Cancer Res; 1992 Sep; 83(9):955-63. PubMed ID: 1429206.
    Abstract:
    Synergistic or additive effects of combined treatments with carcinogens or promoters on N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN)-initiated rat bladder carcinogenesis were examined. Male F344 rats were given BBN as an initiator followed by low doses of 3 sodium salts (sodium bicarbonate, sodium L-ascorbate and sodium citrate) and/or 3 antioxidants (butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene and tertiary butylhydroxyquinone). Combined treatments with 3 sodium salts or 3 antioxidants, and especially all 6 chemicals together promoted bladder carcinogenesis. In addition, these combined treatments were associated with increased DNA synthesis of the bladder epithelium. Combined administration of the carcinogens, o-anisidine, p-cresidine, and 4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine at low doses also enhanced BBN-initiated bladder carcinogenesis. These results indicate that environmental carcinogens or promoters can exert synergistic or additive actions on bladder cancer induction.
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