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  • Title: Cross-sectional study on the iron and vitamin A status of pregnant women in West Java, Indonesia.
    Author: Suharno D, West CE, Muhilal, Logman MH, de Waart FG, Karyadi D, Hautvast JG.
    Journal: Am J Clin Nutr; 1992 Dec; 56(6):988-93. PubMed ID: 1442667.
    Abstract:
    A cross-sectional study of the prevalence of iron and vitamin A deficiency in normal pregnant women in West Java, Indonesia, was carried out. Of the 318 women studied, 49.4% were anemic and, according to multiple criteria, 43.5% had iron-deficiency anemia, 22.3% had iron-deficient erythropoiesis, and 6.6% had iron depletion. Serum retinol values revealed that 2.5% of the pregnant women were vitamin A deficient and 31% had marginal vitamin A status. The relative dose-response test carried out on 45 women showed that 4 (8.9%) had deficient vitamin A liver stores. After gestational stage, parity, and subdistrict were adjusted for, serum retinol concentrations were significantly positively associated (P < 0.01) with hemoglobin concentrations, hematocrit, and serum iron concentrations. The suboptimal vitamin A status associated with nutritional-deficiency anemia suggests that pregnant women in the area should be supplemented not only with iron but also with vitamin A. This proposal should be tested in an intervention study.
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