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  • Title: Use of botulinum toxin type A and type B for spasticity in upper and lower limbs.
    Author: Bell KR, Williams F.
    Journal: Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am; 2003 Nov; 14(4):821-35. PubMed ID: 14580040.
    Abstract:
    BT is likely effective in controlling spasticity in the smaller muscles of the arm and hand, although there has been only one large controlled trial. For lower limb spasticity, the outcomes are more mixed. No large randomized, controlled trials have been done, and the larger size of the muscles results in a decreased ability to treat widespread spasticity. For more focal treatment in the legs and feet, however, and when combined with other denervating agents or physical modalities, BT is probably effective. Careful analysis is warranted before performing any chemodenervation on a limb muscle or muscles.
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