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  • Title: The first applications of carbene ligands in cross-couplings of alkyl electrophiles: sonogashira reactions of unactivated alkyl bromides and iodides.
    Author: Eckhardt M, Fu GC.
    Journal: J Am Chem Soc; 2003 Nov 12; 125(45):13642-3. PubMed ID: 14599185.
    Abstract:
    A Pd/N-heterocyclic carbene-based catalyst achieves the Sonogashira coupling of an array of functionalized, beta-hydrogen-containing alkyl bromides and iodides under mild conditions. By furnishing the first example of a nonphosphine-based palladium catalyst for cross-coupling unactivated alkyl electrophiles, this study provides an impetus for future efforts at catalyst development that extend beyond phosphine ligands.
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