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  • Title: Fenoldopam mesylate for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: a randomized controlled trial.
    Author: Stone GW, McCullough PA, Tumlin JA, Lepor NE, Madyoon H, Murray P, Wang A, Chu AA, Schaer GL, Stevens M, Wilensky RL, O'Neill WW, CONTRAST Investigators.
    Journal: JAMA; 2003 Nov 05; 290(17):2284-91. PubMed ID: 14600187.
    Abstract:
    CONTEXT: The development of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing invasive cardiac procedures is associated with a marked increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Fenoldopam mesylate, a specific agonist of the dopamine-1 receptor, preserves renal blood flow after iodinated contrast administration and has shown promise in ameliorating contrast nephropathy in previous observational and small randomized trials. OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of fenoldopam mesylate in preventing contrast nephropathy after invasive cardiovascular procedures. DESIGN: Prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter randomized trial with serial serum creatinine levels measured at a central biochemistry laboratory (at baseline and 1, 24, 48, and 72 to 96 hours after study drug administration) and 30-day clinical follow-up. PATIENTS AND SETTING: Between March 2001 and July 2002, 315 patients with creatinine clearance less than 60 mL/min (1.00 mL/s) at 28 centers in the United States were randomized to receive fenoldopam mesylate (n = 157) or placebo (n = 158). INTERVENTIONS: Patients were hydrated and randomized to receive intravenous fenoldopam (0.05 microg/kg/min titrated to 0.10 microg/kg/min) vs matching placebo, starting 1 hour prior to angiography and continuing for 12 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Contrast-induced nephropathy, defined as an increase of 25% or more in serum creatinine level within 96 hours postprocedure. RESULTS: Mean (SD) patient age was 70 (11) years, and 49% had diabetes mellitus. Mean (SD) baseline creatinine clearance was 29.0 (10.0) mL/min (0.48 [0.16] mL/s) (range, 7.5-56.8 mL/min [0.12-0.94 mL/s]), and 157 (108) mL of contrast was administered during the procedures. The primary end point of contrast-induced nephropathy occurred in 33.6% of patients assigned to receive fenoldopam vs 30.1% assigned to receive placebo (relative risk, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.79-1.57; P =.61). There were no significant differences in the 30-day rates of death (2.0% vs 3.8%, P =.50), dialysis (2.6% vs 1.9%, P =.72), or rehospitalization (17.6% vs 19.9%, P =.66) in fenoldopam vs placebo randomized patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: The selective dopamine-1 agonist fenoldopam mesylate does not prevent further renal function deterioration after contrast administration in patients with chronic renal insufficiency.
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