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  • Title: Effect of cue exposure, urge to smoke, and nicotine deprivation on cognitive performance in smokers.
    Author: Havermans RC, Debaere S, Smulders FT, Wiers RW, Jansen AT.
    Journal: Psychol Addict Behav; 2003 Dec; 17(4):336-9. PubMed ID: 14640831.
    Abstract:
    The primary aim of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that the urge to smoke interferes directly with cognitive performance. Fifty-four smokers were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: (a). ad lib, (b). deprived, or (c). nicotine patch. Participants rated their urge to smoke on continuous visual analogue scales. Cognitive performance was determined by measuring reaction times (RTs) on a Sternberg task. The deprived group reported a higher urge and had longer RTs than the ad lib group when exposed to smoking-related cues. However, the nicotine patch group reported a higher urge in the absence of longer RTs. The results indicated that nicotine deprivation affects cognitive performance and that the urge to smoke only partially mediated RTs.
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