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  • Title: Dicarboximide resistance in field isolates of Alternaria alternata is mediated by a mutation in a two-component histidine kinase gene.
    Author: Dry IB, Yuan KH, Hutton DG.
    Journal: Fungal Genet Biol; 2004 Jan; 41(1):102-8. PubMed ID: 14643263.
    Abstract:
    Isolates of Alternaria alternata collected from a field site which had previously been treated with the dicarboximide fungicide iprodione were found to demonstrate a high level of resistance to iprodione and the phenylpyrrole fungicide, fludioxonil in plate assays. In order to determine the genetic basis for this fungicide resistance a partial length clone of a two-component histidine kinase (HK) was isolated from genomic DNA of a fungicide-sensitive A. alternata isolate using degenerate primers by PCR. Analysis of the AaHK1 gene structure indicates the presence of six 90 amino acid repeat domains upstream of a kinase domain as found in the homologous HK genes from other fungal species. Comparison of nucleic acid sequences from the fungicide-sensitive and fungicide-resistant A. alternata isolates confirmed the presence of mutations leading to premature termination of the translated HK protein. The possible role of the two-component HK in the development of dicarboximide resistance in A. alternata is discussed.
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