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  • Title: Real-time determination of picomolar free Cu(II) in seawater using a fluorescence-based fiber optic biosensor.
    Author: Zeng HH, Thompson RB, Maliwal BP, Fones GR, Moffett JW, Fierke CA.
    Journal: Anal Chem; 2003 Dec 15; 75(24):6807-12. PubMed ID: 14670039.
    Abstract:
    We report real-time, in situ determination of free copper ion at picomolar levels in seawater using a fluorescence-based fiber optic biosensor. The sensor transducer is a protein molecule, site-specifically labeled with a fluorophore that is attached to the distal end of an optical fiber, which binds free Cu(II) with high affinity and selectivity. The transducer reports the metal's concentration as a change in fluorescence intensity or lifetime, using a frequency domain approach. The transducer's response time is diffusion-limited, with a typical measurement requiring 30 s. The sensor demonstrates a detection limit of 0.1 pM free Cu(II) in a seawater model. Accuracy and precision of the sensor were at least comparable to cathodic ligand exchange/adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry. Measurements of tidal flushing of a copper-contaminated inlet are shown.
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