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  • Title: Microwave-assisted Paal-Knorr reaction. A rapid approach to substituted pyrroles and furans.
    Author: Minetto G, Raveglia LF, Taddei M.
    Journal: Org Lett; 2004 Feb 05; 6(3):389-92. PubMed ID: 14748600.
    Abstract:
    [reaction: see text] An array of tetrasubstituted pyrroles (and trisubstituted furans) was obtained using a simple three-step procedure. Functional homologation of a beta-ketoester with an aldehyde followed by oxidation gave a series of differently substituted 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds that can be rapidly cyclized with the Paal-Knorr procedure carried out under microwave irradiation.
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