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  • Title: Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. 2: genetic aspects of alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency: phenotypes and genetic modifiers of emphysema risk.
    Author: DeMeo DL, Silverman EK.
    Journal: Thorax; 2004 Mar; 59(3):259-64. PubMed ID: 14985567.
    Abstract:
    The genetic aspects of AAT deficiency and the variable manifestations of lung disease in PI Z individuals are reviewed. The role of modifying genetic factors which may interact with environmental factors (such as cigarette smoking) is discussed, and directions for future research are presented.
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