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  • Title: Compensatory motion in the upper extremity after elbow arthrodesis.
    Author: O'Neill OR, Morrey BF, Tanaka S, An KN.
    Journal: Clin Orthop Relat Res; 1992 Aug; (281):89-96. PubMed ID: 1499233.
    Abstract:
    Ten healthy male subjects were asked to complete a series of tasks that represent normal elbow function. They were then fitted with a custom adjustable brace that simulated elbow arthrodesis at 50 degrees, 70 degrees, 90 degrees, and 110 degrees flexion and asked to repeat the tasks. The 3 Space Isotrak system was used to measure shoulder motion; a triaxial wrist goniometer was used to measure wrist compensation; and all subjects were videotaped to qualitatively observe other compensatory motion. Unlike other joints, elbow arthrodesis at any angle results in a significant impairment, since the adjacent shoulder and wrist joints cannot compensate to allow completion of activities.
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