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  • Title: Endogenous beta-carbolines as clonidine-displacing substances.
    Author: Robinson ES, Anderson NJ, Crosby J, Nutt DJ, Hudson AL.
    Journal: Ann N Y Acad Sci; 2003 Dec; 1009():157-66. PubMed ID: 15028582.
    Abstract:
    Endogenous beta-carbolines, such as harmane, are known to occur in mammalian species including humans. Radioligand binding studies have revealed that certain beta-carbolines display high affinity for both I(1) and I(2) imidazoline-binding sites (IBS). Functional studies have shown that the beta-carboline harmane elicits many characteristics expected of an endogenous ligand IBS. This article discusses the evidence relating to beta-carbolines as endogenous ligands and presents a case for harmane and related compounds as endogenous ligands for IBS.
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