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  • Title: Acute ankle injury and chronic lateral instability in the athlete.
    Author: DiGiovanni BF, Partal G, Baumhauer JF.
    Journal: Clin Sports Med; 2004 Jan; 23(1):1-19, v. PubMed ID: 15062581.
    Abstract:
    Ankle injuries occur frequently in sports. The lateral ligamentous complex, specifically the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments, are most commonly injured. In acute lateral ligament injuries, a functional ankle rehabilitation program is the mainstay of treatment. Chronic ankle instability develops in a minority of patients. Surgical procedures are broadly classified into anatomic ligament repairs versus reconstructive tenodeses. Commonly performed techniques include the Brostrom-Gould procedure,the modified Brostrum-Evans procedure, and the Chrisman-Snook procedure.
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