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  • Title: The etiological role of diet, smoking, and drinking habits of patients with esophageal carcinoma in Turkey.
    Author: Memik F, Gulten M, Nak SG.
    Journal: J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol; 1992; 11(4):197-200. PubMed ID: 1507072.
    Abstract:
    Esophageal cancer has a known high incidence in areas adjacent to the Caspian Sea and in northeastern Turkey. This study compares the incidence of esophageal cancer in Bursa (northwestern Turkey) with an age-matched control population. Factors associated with esophageal cancer and significantly at variance with controls include: age over 70, low income, smoking more than one pack of cigarettes per day, and low vegetable and fresh fruit intake.
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