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  • Title: Dual toxin-producing strain of Clostridium botulinum type Bf isolated from a California patient with infant botulism.
    Author: Barash JR, Arnon SS.
    Journal: J Clin Microbiol; 2004 Apr; 42(4):1713-5. PubMed ID: 15071029.
    Abstract:
    A retrospective study of Clostridium botulinum strains isolated from patients from California with infant botulism identified the fourth known C. botulinum strain that produces both type B and type F botulinum toxins. This unique strain represented 0.12% of the California infant botulism case isolates from 1976 to 2003. The relative concentrations of type B and F toxins produced were temperature dependent.
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