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  • Title: Human immunodeficiency virus infection, diarrheal disease and sociodemographic predictors of child growth.
    Author: Villamor E, Fataki MR, Bosch RJ, Mbise RL, Fawzi WW.
    Journal: Acta Paediatr; 2004 Mar; 93(3):372-9. PubMed ID: 15124842.
    Abstract:
    AIM: To compare growth patterns between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and -uninfected preschool children. To examine the associations between diarrheal and respiratory infections, sociodemographic factors and growth. METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted among 524 children who were 6-60 mo of age at recruitment. Information on sociodemographic characteristics was collected at baseline from the caregiver. Hemoglobin, malaria infection and HIV status of the children were assessed from a blood sample. Monthly height (length if <24 mo) and weight measurements were obtained, and clinical assessments carried out, during an average 12 mo follow-up period. Yearly increments in height and weight were compared by HIV status, incidence of diarrhea and respiratory infections, and levels of sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: After adjusting for maternal education, anemia and vitamin A supplementation, HIV infection was related to 2.8 cm [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.6, 5.0] and 1.3 kg (95% CI 0.0, 2.5) lower yearly length and weight gains, respectively, in children who were between 6 and 11 mo old at baseline. Among children who were 12-23 mo old at recruitment, HIV infection was associated with 0.6 kg (95% CI 0.1, 1.0) less yearly weight gain. HIV infection was not related to linear or ponderal growth in children >24 mo old. Maternal illiteracy, severe child anemia and episodes of acute diarrhea were additional risk factors for growth delay in length. CONCLUSION: HIV infection is associated with linear and ponderal growth retardation in children aged <24 mo. Additional predictors of linear growth retardation include preventable conditions such as poor maternal education, child anemia and diarrheal disease.
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