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  • Title: Hepatocellular carcinoma in Saudi Arabia: role of hepatitis B and C infection.
    Author: Ayoola EA, Gadour MO.
    Journal: J Gastroenterol Hepatol; 2004 Jun; 19(6):665-9. PubMed ID: 15151622.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND AND AIM: To estimate the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in non-alcoholic patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, 118 patients who were admitted to a regional hospital in Saudi Arabia were compared with 118 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. RESULTS: The prevalence of HBsAg in HCC patients (67%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 57.7-75.3) was significantly higher than the rate (6.7%; 95%CI: 3.0-12.9) in the controls (OR: 28.4; 95%CI: 12.6-63.9; P < 0.001). There was a high risk of HCC in the presence of HBsAg alone (OR: 34.3; 95%CI: 14.8-79.1, P < 0.001) and anti-HCV alone (OR: 12.2; 95%CI: 3.2-47.2; P < 0.001). Although HBV and HCV were independent risk factors in the development of HCC, there was no interactive relationship between the two viruses. Dual infections occurred in only 3.4% and were associated with only a moderate increase in the risk of HCC (OR: 14.6; 95%CI: 1.57-135.9). In 24.6% of the cases no virus was identified as the etiologic factor. CONCLUSION: Hepatitis B virus constitutes a major risk factor and HCV contributes a less significant role in the development of HCC. The ongoing program of HBV vaccination may significantly decrease the prevalence of HBV-associated HCC in this population.
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