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  • Title: Phasing in the presence of severe site-specific radiation damage through dose-dependent modelling of heavy atoms.
    Author: Schiltz M, Dumas P, Ennifar E, Flensburg C, Paciorek W, Vonrhein C, Bricogne G.
    Journal: Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr; 2004 Jun; 60(Pt 6):1024-31. PubMed ID: 15159561.
    Abstract:
    The case of a brominated RNA crystal structure determination in which standard three-wavelength MAD phasing was unsuccessful because of fast X-ray-induced debromination was reinvestigated [Ennifar et al. (2002), Acta Cryst. D58, 1262-1268]. It was found that if the data are kept unmerged and if a dose-stamp is associated with each reflection measurement, dose-dependent occupancies can be refined for the Br atoms. Such a parametrization has been implemented in the macromolecular phasing program SHARP. Refining such dose-dependent occupancies on an unmerged data set gave a dramatic improvement, even for SAD phases from only the first wavelength (peak), and resulted in a good electron-density map after solvent flattening. The adverse effect of radiation damage has been turned into a beneficial one. The crucial difference is made by the use of unmerged data: phasing power is generated through the intensity differences of symmetry-related reflections recorded at different doses, i.e. corresponding to different states of the X-ray-induced debromination. This approach should prove useful in all situations of experimental phasing where site-specific radiation damage occurs unavoidably and undesirably and not only in cases in which radiation damage is purposely being created in order to demonstrate its potential usefulness.
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