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  • Title: Effects of methylphenidate treatment in children with mental retardation and ADHD: individual variation in medication response.
    Author: Pearson DA, Lane DM, Santos CW, Casat CD, Jerger SW, Loveland KA, Faria LP, Mansour R, Henderson JA, Payne CD, Roache JD, Lachar D, Cleveland LA.
    Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry; 2004 Jun; 43(6):686-98. PubMed ID: 15167085.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: Individual variation in cognitive and behavioral response to methylphenidate (MPH) was investigated in children with mental retardation and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. METHOD: Twenty-four children (mean age 10.9 years, SD = 2.4) participated in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial with 0.15-, 0.30-, and 0.60-mg/kg b.i.d. doses of MPH. Parent and teacher behavioral ratings, as well as cognitive task performance, were assessed at each dose. RESULTS: Relative to placebo, most children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and mental retardation showed some degree of behavioral and cognitive improvement with MPH treatment. However, fewer of these children made substantial gains (>30% improvement, relative to placebo) with MPH treatment. At the highest dose, 55% of the children showed substantial behavioral gains and 46% made substantial gains in cognitive task performance. However, there was substantial independence between changes in behavior and changes in cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS: At the 0.60-mg/kg MPH dose, more children showed substantial cognitive and behavioral gains than those who showed substantial declines in a ratio of more than 5:1. However, it may be prudent to assess cognitive change as well as behavioral effects because improvements in the former do not necessarily forecast improvements in the latter in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and mental retardation.
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