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  • Title: Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome Type 2: the tip of an iceberg?
    Author: Betterle C, Lazzarotto F, Presotto F.
    Journal: Clin Exp Immunol; 2004 Aug; 137(2):225-33. PubMed ID: 15270837.
    Abstract:
    Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes (APS) are conditions characterized by the association of two or more organ-specific disorders. Type 2 APS is defined by the occurrence of Addison's disease with thyroid autoimmune disease and/or Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clinically overt disorders are considered only the tip of the autoimmune iceberg, since latent forms are much more frequent. Historical, clinical, genetic, and immunological aspects of Type 2 APS are reviewed. Furthermore, data on 146 personal cases of Type 2 APS are also reported.
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