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  • Title: Paradoxical effects of interleukin-18 on the severity of acute graft-versus-host disease mediated by CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets after experimental allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
    Author: Min CK, Maeda Y, Lowler K, Liu C, Clouthier S, Lofthus D, Weisiger E, Ferrara JL, Reddy P.
    Journal: Blood; 2004 Nov 15; 104(10):3393-9. PubMed ID: 15280194.
    Abstract:
    Administration of exogenous interleukin-18 (IL-18) regulates experimental acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in a Fas-dependent manner when donor CD4(+) T cells are required for mortality after experimental allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). However, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells can induce acute GVHD after clinical allogeneic BMT, and the role of IL-18 in CD8(+)-mediated acute GVHD is unknown. We, therefore, determined the role of IL-18 in GVHD mediated by CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells across major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II- and class I-disparate allogeneic BMT, respectively. Administering IL-18 significantly increased survival in CD4(+)-mediated GVHD but reduced survival in CD8(+)-mediated GVHD. This increase in deaths was associated with significantly greater clinical, biochemical, and histopathologic parameters of GVHD damage and was independent of Fas expression on donor T cells. Administering IL-18 significantly enhanced allospecific cytotoxic function and expansion of CD8(+) cells. Endogenous IL-18 was critical to GVHD mediated by CD8(+) donor T cells because IL-18 receptor-deficient donors caused significantly less GVHD but exacerbated CD4(+)-mediated, GVHD-related death. Furthermore, administering anti-IL-18 monoclonal antibody significantly reduced CD8(+)-mediated, GVHD-related death. Together these findings demonstrate that IL-18 has paradoxical effects on CD4(+) and CD8(+) cell-mediated GVHD.
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