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  • Title: Molecular mechanisms in male determination and germ cell differentiation.
    Author: Ronfani L, Bianchi ME.
    Journal: Cell Mol Life Sci; 2004 Aug; 61(15):1907-25. PubMed ID: 15289933.
    Abstract:
    Sex determination and gametogenesis are key processes in human reproduction, and any defect can lead to infertility. We describe here the molecular mechanisms of male sex determination and testis formation; defects in sex determination lead to a female phenotype despite the presence of a Y chromosome, more rarely to a male phenotype with XX chromosomes, or to intersex phenotypes. Interestingly, these phenotypes are often associated with other developmental malformations. In testis, spermatozoa are produced from renewable stem cells in a complex differentiation process called spermatogenesis. Gene expression during spermatogenesis differs to a surprising degree from gene expression in somatic cells, and we discuss here mechanistic differences and their effect on the differentiation process and male fertility.
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