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  • Title: Increased expression of toll-like receptor 2 on monocytes in HIV infection: possible roles in inflammation and viral replication.
    Author: Heggelund L, Müller F, Lien E, Yndestad A, Ueland T, Kristiansen KI, Espevik T, Aukrust P, Frøland SS.
    Journal: Clin Infect Dis; 2004 Jul 15; 39(2):264-9. PubMed ID: 15307037.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key pattern-recognition receptors of the innate immune system, but their role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is largely unknown. METHODS: In the present study, we examined the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on monocytes from 48 HIV-infected patients and 21 healthy control subjects by flow cytometry. RESULTS: We found that freshly isolated monocytes from HIV-infected patients displayed enhanced expression of TLR2 but not TLR4, that TLR2 expression on the surface of monocytes was significantly increased upon stimulation of HIV type 1 envelope protein gp120, and that TLR2 stimulation in HIV-infected patients induced increased viral replication and TNF- alpha response. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest potential roles for TLR2 in chronic immune activation and viral replication in HIV infection.
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