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  • Title: Hemolysis and Heinz body formation associated with ingestion of red maple leaves in two alpacas.
    Author: Dewitt SF, Bedenice D, Mazan MR.
    Journal: J Am Vet Med Assoc; 2004 Aug 15; 225(4):578-83, 539. PubMed ID: 15344367.
    Abstract:
    Two adult female alpacas were evaluated for acute onset of weakness, pale mucous membranes, and signs of depression of unknown etiology. Both alpacas had intravascular hemolysis, anemia, and Heinz body formation and had been fed wilted red maple leaves. Clinical signs developed several days after ingestion of the leaves. No other toxin exposure was reported, and no parasites were detected. Dietary copper and nitrate-nitrite concentrations were evaluated and determined to be within reference limits. Both alpacas continued to become profoundly anemic with continued hemolysis. This necessitated blood transfusion as a life-saving intervention; however, prior to whole blood being available, transfusion with bovine hemoglobin glutamer was necessary. Both alpacas recovered without complications.
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