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  • Title: Erythrocyte indexes, iron metabolism, and hyperhomocysteinemia in adults with cyanotic congenital cardiac disease.
    Author: Kaemmerer H, Fratz S, Braun SL, Koelling K, Eicken A, Brodherr-Heberlein S, Pietrzik K, Hess J.
    Journal: Am J Cardiol; 2004 Sep 15; 94(6):825-8. PubMed ID: 15374802.
    Abstract:
    A high percentage of cyanotic adults (37%) with cyanotic congenital cardiac disease (CCD) presented with depleted iron stores (13 of 52) or latent iron deficiency (6 of 52), even in a CCD center in which cyanotic patient phlebotomy is mostly avoided. In many of these patients, hypochromia and microcytosis was frequent, whereas hyperchromia and macrocytosis were relatively common.Furthermore, 50% of patients presented with hyperhomocysteinemia, possibly related to folate or B vitamin deficiencies, which may increase red blood cell size and color, explaining the lack of microcytosis and hypochromia in many cyanotic patients with iron deficiency.
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