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  • Title: Women's lower urinary tract function and dysfunction: definitions and epidemiology.
    Author: Al-Hayek S, Abrams P.
    Journal: Minerva Ginecol; 2004 Aug; 56(4):311-25. PubMed ID: 15377981.
    Abstract:
    This review focuses on females' lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). It summarises the definitions agreed by the International Continence Society (ICS), investigates the reasons behind the disparity between previous publications related to LUTD and tries to pool their results into subgroups. As urinary incontinence is the main LUTD in women, its prevalence, incidence and risk factors has been studied intensively. However, the review also looks at other LUTD including voiding dysfunction and nocturia.
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