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  • Title: Receptors for steroid hormones: membrane-associated and nuclear forms.
    Author: Walters MR, Nemere I.
    Journal: Cell Mol Life Sci; 2004 Sep; 61(18):2309-21. PubMed ID: 15378202.
    Abstract:
    Steroid hormones are now recognized to act through both nuclear and membrane-associated receptors. In this review we focus on receptors for estrogen and the vitamin D metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3). While the nuclear receptors are part of a 'superfamily' with common structural elements, membrane receptors are more diverse, ranging from variants of the nuclear forms to unrelated proteins. We conclude that both rapid (membrane-initiated) actions, as well as regulation of gene transcription, are necessary to explain the complex actions of steroid hormones on target cells.
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