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  • Title: Spring: a general framework for collaborative, real-time surgical simulation.
    Author: Montgomery K, Bruyns C, Brown J, Sorkin S, Mazzella F, Thonier G, Tellier A, Lerman B, Menon A.
    Journal: Stud Health Technol Inform; 2002; 85():296-303. PubMed ID: 15458105.
    Abstract:
    We describe the implementation details of a real-time surgical simulation system with soft-tissue modeling and multi-user, multi-instrument, networked haptics. The simulator is cross-platform and runs on various Unix and Windows platforms. It is written in C++ with OpenGL for graphics; GLUT, GLUI, and MUI for user interface; and supports parallel processing. It allows for the relatively easy introduction of patient-specific anatomy and supports many common file formats. It performs soft-tissue modeling, some limited rigid-body dynamics, and suture modeling. The simulator interfaces to many different interaction devices and provides for multi-user, multi-instrument collaboration over the Internet. Many virtual tools have been created and their interactions with tissue have been implemented. In addition, a number of extra features, such as voice input/output, real-time texture-mapped video input, stereo and head-mounted display support, and replicated display facilities are presented.
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