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  • Title: Structure and catalytic cycle of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase.
    Author: Ramakrishnan B, Boeggeman E, Ramasamy V, Qasba PK.
    Journal: Curr Opin Struct Biol; 2004 Oct; 14(5):593-600. PubMed ID: 15465321.
    Abstract:
    Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase-1, a housekeeping enzyme that functions in the synthesis of glycoconjugates, has two flexible loops, one short and one long. Upon binding a metal ion and UDP-galactose, the loops change from an open to a closed conformation, repositioning residues to lock the ligands in place. Residues at the N-terminal region of the long loop form the metal-binding site and those at the C-terminal region form a helix, which becomes part of the binding site for the oligosaccharide acceptor; the remaining residues cover the bound sugar-nucleotide. After binding of the oligosaccharide acceptor and transfer of the galactose moiety, the product disaccharide unit is ejected and the enzyme returns to the open conformation, repeating the catalytic cycle.
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