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  • Title: Cortical neurons lacking KCC2 expression show impaired regulation of intracellular chloride.
    Author: Zhu L, Lovinger D, Delpire E.
    Journal: J Neurophysiol; 2005 Mar; 93(3):1557-68. PubMed ID: 15469961.
    Abstract:
    As excitable cells, neurons experience constant changes in their membrane potential due to ion flux through plasma membrane channels. They maintain their transmembrane cation concentrations through robust Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase pump activity. During synaptic transmission and spread of action potentials, the concentration of the major anion, Cl-, is also under constant challenge from membrane potential changes. Moreover, intracellular Cl- is also affected by ligand-gated Cl- channels such as GABA(A) and glycine receptors. To regulate intracellular Cl- in an electrically silent manner, neurons couple the movement of Cl- with K+. In this study, we have used gene-targeted KCC2-/- mice to provide strong evidence that KCC2, the neuronal-specific K-Cl co-transporter, drives neuronal Cl- to low concentrations, shifting the GABA reversal potential toward more negative potentials, thus promoting hyperpolarizing GABA responses. Cortical neurons lacking KCC2, not only fail to show a developmental decrease in [Cl-]i, but also are unable to regulate [Cl-]i on Cl- loading or maintain [Cl]i during membrane depolarization. These data are consistent with the central role of KCC2 in promoting inhibition and preventing hyperexcitability.
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