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  • Title: Cardiovascular disease and psychological morbidity among rheumatoid arthritis patients.
    Author: Treharne GJ, Hale ED, Lyons AC, Booth DA, Banks MJ, Erb N, Douglas KM, Mitton DL, Kitas GD.
    Journal: Rheumatology (Oxford); 2005 Feb; 44(2):241-6. PubMed ID: 15522922.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVES: To examine whether patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with co-morbid cardiovascular disease (CVD) have different psychological morbidity (and psychosocial risk factors for it) compared with RA patients without co-morbid CVD. METHODS: Patients with RA and co-morbid CVD (n = 44; hypertension alone for n = 27) were compared with RA patients without CVD (n = 110). Differences in psychological morbidity (depression and anxiety) and psychosocial risk factors for this (arthritis self-efficacy, acceptance, social support and optimism) were examined while controlling statistically for medical and demographic covariates. RESULTS: Groups did not differ on RA duration, RA activity, marital status or socioeconomic status, but RA patients with co-morbid CVD were older, less likely to be female and less likely to be in employment than those without CVD. RA patients with co-morbid CVD had significantly higher depression and were more likely to score above cut-offs for depression than RA patients without CVD. No differences existed in anxiety, although anxiety appeared to be more common than depression. Low optimism was identified as a possible psychosocial risk factor for depression. CONCLUSIONS: RA patients with co-morbid CVD have higher depression than RA patients without CVD; low optimism is a potentially modifiable risk factor that may mediate this difference. RA patients with co-morbid CVD may benefit from systematic screening for depression and targeted intervention if necessary.
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