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  • Title: Formal synthesis of optically active ingenol via ring-closing olefin metathesis.
    Author: Watanabe K, Suzuki Y, Aoki K, Sakakura A, Suenaga K, Kigoshi H.
    Journal: J Org Chem; 2004 Nov 12; 69(23):7802-8. PubMed ID: 15527254.
    Abstract:
    The construction of strained carbon skeletons by ring-closing olefin metathesis (RCM) was investigated. With well-designed diene 4, RCM was found to be applicable to the formation of a highly strained inside-outside bicyclo[4.4.1]undecane skeleton of ingenol, a bioactive diterpenoid, and formal total synthesis of optically active ingenol (1) was achieved. The key features of this synthesis are construction of an A-ring by spirocyclization of the ketone with an allylic chloride unit, 26, and ring closure of a B-ring by olefin metathesis. Starting from Funk's keto ester 6, the key intermediate aldehyde 9 in Winkler's total synthesis was synthesized in eight steps in 12.5% overall yield. This strategy of direct cyclization of a strained inside-outside skeleton provided the first easy access to optically active ingenol.
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