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  • Title: Phenotype of heterozygotes for low-density lipoprotein receptor mutations identified in different background populations.
    Author: Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Jensen HK, Benn M, Steffensen R, Jensen G, Nordestgaard BG.
    Journal: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol; 2005 Jan; 25(1):211-5. PubMed ID: 15528480.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: The effect of mutations on phenotype is often overestimated because of ascertainment bias. We determined the effect of background population on cholesterol phenotype associated with specific mutations in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and the relative importance of background population and type of mutation (LDL receptor [LDLR] or APOB R3500Q) for cholesterol phenotype. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 9255 individuals from the general population, 948 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), and 63 patients with clinical familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) for 3 common LDL receptor mutations. Average increase in cholesterol in LDL receptor heterozygotes identified in the general population or among patients with IHD or FH compared with noncarriers was 2.9 mmol/L, 4.1 mmol/L, and 4.9 mmol/L, respectively (P=0.02). Background population and type of mutation determined cholesterol phenotype; average increase in LDL cholesterol from carriers in the general population to carriers with clinical FH was 1.6 mmol/L (P=0.03). The average increase for carriers of LDLR mutations compared with carriers of APOB R3500Q was 1.2 mmol/L (P=0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The phenotype associated with a given mutation should not be determined in patients, but rather in unselected individuals in the general population.
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