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  • Title: Conditional overexpression of active transforming growth factor beta1 in vivo accelerates metastases of transgenic mammary tumors.
    Author: Muraoka-Cook RS, Kurokawa H, Koh Y, Forbes JT, Roebuck LR, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Moody SE, Chodosh LA, Arteaga CL.
    Journal: Cancer Res; 2004 Dec 15; 64(24):9002-11. PubMed ID: 15604265.
    Abstract:
    To address the role of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta in the progression of established tumors while avoiding the confounding inhibitory effects of TGF-beta on early transformation, we generated doxycycline (DOX)-inducible triple transgenic mice in which active TGF-beta1 expression could be conditionally regulated in mouse mammary tumor cells transformed by the polyomavirus middle T antigen. DOX-mediated induction of TGF-beta1 for as little as 2 weeks increased lung metastases >10-fold without a detectable effect on primary tumor cell proliferation or tumor size. DOX-induced active TGF-beta1 protein and nuclear Smad2 were restricted to cancer cells, suggesting a causal association between autocrine TGF-beta and increased metastases. Antisense-mediated inhibition of TGF-beta1 in polyomavirus middle T antigen-expressing tumor cells also reduced basal cell motility, survival, anchorage-independent growth, tumorigenicity, and metastases. Therefore, induction and/or activation of TGF-beta in hosts with established TGF-beta-responsive cancers can rapidly accelerate metastatic progression.
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