These tools will no longer be maintained as of December 31, 2024. Archived website can be found here. PubMed4Hh GitHub repository can be found here. Contact NLM Customer Service if you have questions.


Pubmed for Handhelds

PUBMED FOR HANDHELDS

Search MEDLINE/PubMed

  • Title: Increased risk of Staphylococcus epidermidis peritonitis in patients on dialysate containing 1.25 mmol/L calcium.
    Author: Piraino B, Bernardini J, Holley JL, Perlmutter JA.
    Journal: Am J Kidney Dis; 1992 Apr; 19(4):371-4. PubMed ID: 1562027.
    Abstract:
    Peritoneal macrophage function is decreased in vitro in the presence of dialysate with 1.25 mmol/L calcium compared with that containing 1.75 mmol/L calcium. Theoretically, patients using this dialysate may have a higher risk of peritonitis. Nineteen patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) or continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) were converted from dialysate with 1.75 mmol/L calcium (mean time, 33 +/- 26 months) to that with 1.25 mmol/L calcium, for some or all exchanges (mean time, 10 +/- 4.7 months). Peritonitis rates were compared with 19 control patients who remained on dialysate with 1.75 mmol/L calcium. The two groups were matched for the proportion of diabetics, sex, age, use of the Y-set, and dialysis modality (CAPD, CCPD). Peritonitis rates were similar in the study patients before conversion to 1.25 mmol/L calcium dialysate and in the control patients (0.49 v 0.58 episodes/patient-year, respectively). After conversion to dialysate with 1.25 mmol/L calcium, the peritonitis rate was 0.82 episodes/patient-year contrasted to 0.58 episodes/patient-year in the control patients (P = 0.09). The peritonitis rate due to Staphylococcus epidermidis was 0.51 episodes/patient-year when 1.25 mmol/L calcium dialysate was used, and 0.19 episodes/patient-year for the comparable period in the control patients on 1.75 mmol/L calcium dialysate (P = 0.005). The proportion of peritonitis episodes due to S epidermidis increased from 20% to 61% after conversion to 1.25 mmol/L calcium (P = 0.01). The increased risk of peritonitis due to S epidermidis in patients using dialysate with 1.25 mmol/L calcium is consistent with a previous study demonstrating that clearance of S epidermidis by peritoneal macrophages is less effective with a decrease in the dialysate calcium content.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
    [Abstract] [Full Text] [Related] [New Search]