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  • Title: Botulinum toxin as a treatment for blepharospasm, spasmodic torticollis and hemifacial spasm.
    Author: Albanese A, Colosimo C, Carretta D, Dickmann A, Bentivoglio AR, Tonali P.
    Journal: Eur Neurol; 1992; 32(2):112-7. PubMed ID: 1563461.
    Abstract:
    Fifty-two patients affected by focal dystonia or hemifacial spasm were treated with repeated injections of botulinum toxin. A clinical improvement was observed in all patients with blepharospasm; clinical benefit had a mean duration of 10 weeks. Clinical results were less impressive, but also favorable in patients affected by spasmodic torticollis and by hemifacial spasm. In the latter, the incidence of drug-induced paresis was much higher than that observed in patients with blepharospasm, even though the doses of toxin injected were significantly lower.
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