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  • Title: A "solvated rotamer" approach to modeling water-mediated hydrogen bonds at protein-protein interfaces.
    Author: Jiang L, Kuhlman B, Kortemme T, Baker D.
    Journal: Proteins; 2005 Mar 01; 58(4):893-904. PubMed ID: 15651050.
    Abstract:
    Water-mediated hydrogen bonds play critical roles at protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interfaces, and the interactions formed by discrete water molecules cannot be captured using continuum solvent models. We describe a simple model for the energetics of water-mediated hydrogen bonds, and show that, together with knowledge of the positions of buried water molecules observed in X-ray crystal structures, the model improves the prediction of free-energy changes upon mutation at protein-protein interfaces, and the recovery of native amino acid sequences in protein interface design calculations. We then describe a "solvated rotamer" approach to efficiently predict the positions of water molecules, at protein-protein interfaces and in monomeric proteins, that is compatible with widely used rotamer-based side-chain packing and protein design algorithms. Finally, we examine the extent to which the predicted water molecules can be used to improve prediction of amino acid identities and protein-protein interface stability, and discuss avenues for overcoming current limitations of the approach.
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