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  • Title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces transforming growth factor-beta1 expression in lung fibroblasts through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway.
    Author: Sullivan DE, Ferris M, Pociask D, Brody AR.
    Journal: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol; 2005 Apr; 32(4):342-9. PubMed ID: 15653932.
    Abstract:
    Increased expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha are thought to play important roles in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. We recently reported that TNF-alpha upregulates TGF-beta(1) expression in primary mouse lung fibroblasts (MLFs), a key cell population in fibrogenesis. In the present study, we have investigated signal transduction pathways involved in TNF-alpha upregulation of TGF-beta(1) in both primary MLFs and the Swiss 3T3 fibroblast cell line. Treatment of fibroblasts with TNF-alpha resulted in a significant increase in TGF-beta(1) protein as measured by ELISA. The increase in protein was preceded by a 200-400% increase in TGF-beta(1) mRNA detected by quantitative, real-time, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Western blot analysis showed that TNF-alpha activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and inhibitors of the ERK-specific mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (PD98059 or U0126) blocked TNF-alpha induction of TGF-beta(1) mRNA and protein. mRNA stability experiments showed that TNF-alpha increased the half-life of TGF-beta(1) mRNA to more than 24 h compared with approximately 15 h in unstimulated cells. Expression of constitutively active MEK1 that selectively phosphorylates ERK was sufficient for TGF-beta(1) mRNA stabilization in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. These results indicate that TNF-alpha activates the ERK-specific mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway leading to increased TGF-beta(1) production in fibroblasts, primarily via a post-transcriptional mechanism that involves stabilization of the TGF-beta(1) transcript.
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