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  • Title: A possible association between the presence of interleukin-4-secreting cells and a reduction in the risk of acute graft-versus-host disease.
    Author: Takabayashi M, Kanamori H, Takasaki H, Yamaji S, Koharazawa H, Taguchi J, Tomita N, Fujimaki K, Fujisawa S, Maruta A, Ishigatsubo Y.
    Journal: Exp Hematol; 2005 Feb; 33(2):251-7. PubMed ID: 15676220.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: We monitored cytokine-secreting cells using an enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay in a prospective study to assess the cytokine network after transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 23 patients who received allogeneic stem cell transplantation, from before the preconditioning regimen to 56 days after transplantation. The number of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-secreting cells were measured by ELISPOT assay. For IL-4 and IFN-gamma, in vitro stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and phytohemagglutinin was performed. RESULTS: The frequency of IL-4-secreting cells was significantly higher in five patients receiving peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) than that in 18 patients who received bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Based on IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha release, there was a trend toward a decrease in the number of cytokine-secreting cells in PBSCT compared with BMT. Furthermore, patients who did not develop acute graft-vs-host disease (GVHD, n=5) showed a significantly higher number of IL-4-secreting cells compared with those who developed acute GVHD (n=18). Both IFN-gamma-secreting cells and TNF-alpha-secreting cells showed a trend to increase in number in patients with acute GVHD. In patients who received reduced-intensity stem cell transplantation (n=7) compared with conventional stem cell transplantation (n=16), there was a large number of cytokine-secreting cells detected by IL-4 and IFN-gamma release. CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with the hypothesis that IL-4-producing cells inhibit the development of acute GVHD. In addition, the increased percentage of IL-4-secreting cells may be responsible for the unexpected low incidence of acute GVHD in PBSCT, despite the presence of large numbers of mature T cells in the donor infusion.
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