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  • Title: Transrectal ultrasound and partial ejaculatory duct obstruction in male infertility.
    Author: Hellerstein DK, Meacham RB, Lipshultz LI.
    Journal: Urology; 1992 May; 39(5):449-52. PubMed ID: 1580037.
    Abstract:
    Partial ejaculatory duct obstruction, due to either a congenital or an acquired cyst or ejaculatory duct stenosis secondary to calcification, chronic inflammation, can produce a wide spectrum of seminal fluid abnormalities. Sperm density may range from azoospermia to normospermia while ejaculate volume can be low to normal. Sperm motility is consistently diminished (less than 30%). We have treated 2 patients with ejaculatory duct stenosis whose diagnosis was accurately made with transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). We now suggest that TRUS be used when there is a low semen volume (less than 1.0 cc), or low motility (less than 30%), or oligospermia (less than 20 million sperm/mL), and normal findings on physical examination with normal serum gonadotropin values in the absence of any other explanation.
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