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  • Title: Cystoscopy: techniques and clinical applications.
    Author: Messer JS, Chew DJ, McLoughlin MA.
    Journal: Clin Tech Small Anim Pract; 2005 Feb; 20(1):52-64. PubMed ID: 15822531.
    Abstract:
    Cystoscopy is a powerful tool for characterization of lower urinary tract disease in dogs and cats. Current applications of cystoscopy include diagnostic and interventional techniques. This article reviews cystoscopy equipment, procedures, and common applications of cystoscopy. A review of normal anatomy and common lower urinary tract lesions identifiable with cystoscopy is also presented.
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